Leveling support



Aug. 3, 1948. w. H. GILLE LEVEL'ING SUPPORT Filed Sept. 24, 1942 2 sheets-sheet 1 DIRECT/01V 0F FLI 6H T f IE ha jg III-II If l'mventor WILL/j M 61415 Gttorneg Patented Aug. 3, 1948 Willis;H.- Gille st. Paul, Minn., assignor -to.Minne apolis-Honeywell Regulator Company, .Minneapolis, Minn a corporation .01. Delaware ApplicationSeptember 24,1942, Serial No..459,541

.- 8. Claims. l The presentinven-tion.relates to levelingsupports, and especially to that :type. ofzsupportsin which the supported memberis maintained inits desired position by. automatically controlled; mtor means.

An object ofthe present inventionistozprovide improved means for automatically. maintaining a supported device in a desired..angulariposition with respect to its underlyingsupport.

Another object of .thezpresent invention .is. ;.to.

provide an improved deviceofthe-type'shown in the co-pending application of. Siegfried (1.. Isserstedt, Serial No. 459,439 iiIedSeptemberJ-ZB, 1942.

Another object ofthe-present-inven'tion. is to. provide improved means ior. automatically. maintaining a supported device in. a horizon'tallposition.

A furtherobject of the ,presentsinvention,islto provide improved means 0fihdjbYDBRdESCIlbBd-j which is adaptedforuse. with anaelial camera. to maintain the cameralevel.

A further object of this inventionisto-provide improved means for control ing a motorywhichpositions a supported devicezrela-tive.tolitsunaderlying support.

A still further object is to provide-an; improved gravity responsive pickup unit for controllin-g a motor in such a system.

Other objects and a.chrantagesv otthespresent invention will-become apparentirom aconsideration oftheaccompanying specificationclaim and drawing, in which I Figure 1 is a plan view of a levelin supportjor an aerial camera emhodyingthe. principles or my invention;

Figure 2 is an electrical circuit diagram. for the control of one of.-the-motors,used IZJHCQHDBC- tion with the device of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a composite figure showingin elevation a gravityresponsive pick-up unitused inthe system of Figure l, and an electrical ci rcuit .diagram of a motor control system controlled by that pick-up unit, and

Figure 4 is a side elevation of the gravity re-'.

sponsive pick-up unit-shown in-Figure 3.

Referring now to Figure 1-. there is shown a'circular frame member ill on which are four-integrally formed ears 'I ladaptedtoattach the frame member ID to a-suitable underlyingesup port. By way of example; it may be assumed that the underlying support is an aircraft;. andthat the ears ill 'maintainrthe frame. member -;l0:in. a registering relationship'with a; holeyin; the bottom .ofzthe aircraft through. which. aqcamera I 2 :.sup-.-

portedrbyjthe frame member '10 may take ,picturesof the territory over whichfth planet's flymg.

The upper surface of the frame member it is .levelyand smooth so as to. form a track for aset of 'four rollers 13. The innenface of; the frame memher Iil isalso smooth and serves as a track-for a second set of rollers M. A carriage l 5, appearing in the upper part, of Figure l inthe drawing, rides on two :ofjtherollers l3.and carries two; of the rollers i4. Another carriage it, appearing in the lower partofFig-ure 1 of the drawing, is supported by the othertworollers :l3, and carries the other two rollers l;4.- Thecarriages'l5 and 16 are centrally-apertured to receive trunnions H and I3 of a gimbal, 2!]. The assembly is such thatthe rollers 14' maintain the gimbal 2!! and thecar- :riages i5 and: IB centered in respect to the frame memberlll so that the rollers 13, ride properly on their'associated track.

Thegimbalio is apertured at diametricallyppposite points along an axis at right angles to the axis passing through the trunnions I! and I3, to 'receivetrunnions 2i and 22, which are attached to the camera 12.

A motorshown omewhat diagrammatically at .23, drives a pinion-Ziwhich engages an arcuate rack 25 attached tothe-frame member Ill. The .motor 23 is carriedby thecarriage l5, and therefore moves. With-the assembly comprising the carriageslj and IS, the g'imbal 2G, and the camera l2. when the motorist energized to drive the pinion -24 .alonglthe-ra ck 25. The "control circuit for motor.;2 3;is disclosed in detail in Figure 2.

.An-other motorifi, hereinafter referred to as the pitch motor, is carrier :bythe carriage i5 and drives. a, pinion 21 which mates with a gear 23 fixed on the trunnion 18 of gimbal 20. The motor 26 is controlled by a circuit shown in detail in Figure 3-,.fincluding, a pick-up unit 39,,carried by qtheicarriage all} in alignment with the axis passing through trunnions -I l. .andl8. The constructional details woft-he pick-up unit 30, which is shown diagrammatically in'l 'igure 1, are shown in Figures 3 and. 4

Y A third-motor '31, hereinafter referred to as the rollmotor iscai'riedby the gimbal 20 at a point adjacent the trunnion :2! of camera 12. The Inctor 3| drives a; pinion 32' which-engages agear 33 fixed-qmthetrunnion 2!. The motor -3l-is controlled by a, circuit similar tothatdisclosed iniFigure 3 and controlled by a pick-upunitJM W-hich isstructurallysimilar;to the pick-up .unit 130.

Referring now to. the pickup unit 30.,asa dis- -closedin'"Figures 3,. and 4, this unit is shown, as

being supported by a base 40 which is fixed on the carriage l6 by any suitable means. The base 40 carries a stub shaft 4! at an intermediate point thereon.

The pick-up unit 353 includes two electrical coils 42 and 43. A magnetic circuit for the coils 42 and 43 is provided which consists of two core members 44 and 45. For the sake of clarity in this description, the upper core member 44, which carries the coils 42 and 43, will be hereinafter referred to as the core, while the lower core member 45 will be hereinafter referred to as the armature. It should be understood, however, that the coils 42 and 43 may be carried by either of the two core members with equal facility.

The two core members 44 and 45 are E-shaped, and the projecting legs of the two E-shaped members extend toward each other in complementary relationship. The functioning of the two coils 42 and 43 and their associated ma netic circuit is disclosed in detail in the co-pending application of Willis H. Gille and Harold A. Petsch, Serial No. 453,914, filed August 6, 1942, now Patent No. 2,371,236, dated March 13, 1945.

The core 44 is fixed on a plate 46, which is freely pivoted on the stub shaft M. A spacer 49 separates the plate 46 from the base 40. The armature 45 is also freely pivoted on the shaft 4|. A downwardly extending arm 48, which serves as a pendulum and is hereinafter referred to as such, is fixed to the armature 45 by any suitable means, as for example the pin 41. The lower end of the pendulum 48 carries a vane 59 which extends laterally therefrom in both directions. A magnetic core is fixed on the base 40, and is provided with a pair of electrical windings 52 and 53. The core 5! is provided with an air gap at 54 in which the vane 56! and the lower end of pendulum 48 move. The vane 56 is arcuate in form, so that for any angular position of the pendulum 48 within its normal range of movement, the vane 50 lies within the air gap 54. The coils 52 and 53 may be energized from any suitable source of electrical energy, not shown.

The upper end of the plate 46 is provided with a lateral extension 55, which terminates in a rearwardly extending portion 56 adapted to engage a slot in a guide member 51, which is fixed on a suitable portion of the gimbal 2B.

The pick-up unit 34 is similar in structure to the pick-up unit 30, and will not be discussed in detail. Referring to Figure 1, it is noted that the pick-up unit 34 is provided with a laterally extending arm 6E3 corresponding to the extension 55 on the pick-up unit 38. The arm 60 has a rearwardly extending portion M which engages a suitable guide member 62 fixed on the camera l2.

Referring now to the motor control circuit shown in Figure 3, it will be seen that the pickup coils 42 and 43 are connected in adjacent arms of a Wheatstone bridge circuit generally indicated at 65, having input terminals 66 and B1, and output terminals 68 and 69. The bridge circuit 65 is supplied with electrical energy from the secondary winding ill of a transformer l'l having a primary winding 12.

The upper left arm of the bridge circuit, as it appears in Figure 3, may be traced from input terminal 66 through a conductor 13, coil 42, and a conductor 14 to output terminal 68. The up per right-hand arm of the bridge circuit 65 may be traced from input terminal 61 through a conductor l5, coil 43, and a conductor 16 to output terminal fit. The lower left arm of bridge circuit 65 may be traced from input terminal 66 through a fixed impedance or resistance 11 to output terminal 65. The lower right-hand arm of the bridge circuit 65 may be traced from input terminal 6i through a fixed impedance or resistance '58 to output terminal te.

The output terminals 68 and as of bridge circuit 65 are connected through conductors 8B and 8!, respectively, to input terminals 82 and 83 of an electronic amplifier generally indicated at 84. The amplifier 84 may conveniently be of the type described in Figure 1 of the co-pending application of Albert P. Upton, Serial No. 437,561, filed April 3, 1942, now Patent No. 2,423,534, dated July 8, 1947.

The amplifier 84 is supplied with a pair of power supply terminals t5 and (it which are connected to a secondary winding 87 of a transformer 38 having a primary winding 89. The amplifier 84 is also provided with output terminals 96 and 9! which are connected by conductors 92 and 93, respectively, to the opposite terminals of a secondary winding of a transformer 96 having a primary winding 9'5.

Although the transformers ll, 88 and 96 are shown as separate units, a single transformer may conveniently be used. If a single transformer is not used, the primary windings 12, 89 and 9? should be connected to the same source of alternating electrical energy in order that the proper phase relations will be retained in the control circuit.

The motor 2%, which is controlled by the pickup unit 36, is of the split phase type and includes a pair of field windings let and Ill! associated with a rotor m2, which drives the pinion 21 through a gear train indicated schematically at 503. The field winding lfll of motor 26 is supplied with electrical energy from a secondary winding 98 upon the transformer 96 through a circuit which may be traced from the lower terminal of secondary winding 93 through a conductor H14, a condenser Hi5, winding liil, a conductor Hi6, ground connections It! and I08, and conductor we to the upper terminal of secondary winding 98.

The winding it?) of motor 26 is supplied with electrical energy from secondary winding 95 of transformer 96, and this supply of energy is controlled by the amplifier 84. A condenser Hi is connected in parallel with winding H362. The lefthand terminal of Winding W9 is connected to a center tap on transformer winding 95 by a conductor H2, and the right-hand terminal of field winding will is connected to ground through conductor Hi6 and connection Hill. The input terminal 83 of amplifier '84 is connected to ground, at H3.

The operation of the circuit of Figure 3 is more completely described in the co-pending applications of Upton and of Gille and Petsch, previously referred to. For the purposes of the present application, it will be outlined as follows:

When the bridge circuit 65 is balanced, which occurs when the reluctance of the magnetic circuits of coils 42 and 43 are equal, there is no difference of potential between the output terminals 68 and st, and hence no signal is applied to the input terminals 82 and d3 of amplifier 84. Under these conditions, the current supplied to the winding Hill of motor 26 is not sufficient in quantity nor of the proper phase relation to cooperate with the current continuously supplied to winding lwithrough transformer" secondary 98 imorder 'fto'icausevrotati'on -of the motor.

fhAssume'thatthe' base is tiltedslightly to' the left from the vertical position shown in-Figure 3. aUnderxthese conditions the pendulum 48 tends to I remain. in a. vertical position: and-1hencermoves slightly: clockwise about the shaft- 4.]. .Thiszdeoreaseszthe. air. gap :in the magnetic circuit. of the coil:E42,.andiincreasesthe air gapin themagnetic circuit of coil 43. The impedanceuof 'coir14 2 is:

therefore increased, while the impedancerof. coil 431s decreased. This change in'impedance. of the ccolls: and '43 :unbalances the bridge: circuit 65 sin a-rsense. suchv that the potential of ou tput'dzeriminal'fl approaches that of output terminal. 61.;

-Thewpotential: of' output terminal: '69 is substantially constant; and therefore analternating p'o- -tential appears between output terminals. .68. and and is-impressed on theinput termina1s 82 and .183201: amplifier-84'. The amplifier 84- re'spondsto.-

this: alternating potential and supplies the motor windinglllfl with an alternating current-of suffi- -cient =magnitude to cause rotation of motor-=26. .E'I-hephase-ofthe alternating current supplied to --=winding IM is controlled by 'the phase of the sig- "n'alwpotential applied to input terminals. '82 and 83, and'ds of the proper phase so that motor. 26, 'imdrivingi'the gimbal through pinion 21 and gearxl2-8; moves theguideil downwardly. This id-ownwardumovemen't of guide 51, transmittedthroughextension55 of plate 4'6, causes a clocknwiseimovement of the plate 45 about its pivotfl, which clockwiseemovementtends to move the core "44 to azposition wherein the magnetic circuits of :the: coils"42 and:43 areagain equal. 'When' the motor=hasmoved sufilcientlyso that the magnetic ::circuits: of'coils.42: and. areequalized, thesig- 72181.2 applied: to amplifier. 84 is again :reduced; to -.-zero and themotor stops.

the base. '40 is tilted to the right, aszit. ap-

.zpe'ars. in Figure. 3, thereby-moving. pendulum-. 48 andarmature. 45. counterclockwise about. the shaft 4|, the operation of :thecircuit is analogous; to that :just: described. .The only difference is that therlbridge circuit "is unbalanced .in the opposite-- 1-. direction, and that therefore the signal: impressed vonithe input terminals of amplifier. 84. andahence the current supplied-by the output circuitof amplifier 84:.tom'otor winding lflil is: oppositein phase to .that: obtained under .the conditions previously .:described. This causes. rotation of'motorl-i28in u-the 2 opposite direction, and i produces .a follow-11p .movement' of plate; '48 in a counter-clockwise. direction to vrebalance thebridge circuit.

:Referring .now. -to.:.thev operation of:.-the ;deyice,

:EshOWIl in Figure 1, let itlbe assumed that thedirection: of fiightofthe aircraft in which thiszd'evice iszzmountedis to the left,.as .indicated :by; the legend in the-drawing. If under-flight: conditions,

xthe'nose of. the. aircraft. becomes elevated oride- :pressed; due to; a climb or dive, the pick-up unit rall respondsas described aboveiin connection with Figure. 3 to cause operation of .motor. '28 .:in. the proper direction to drive. gimbal 20 back to ahori- :szontalposition. As soonias the horizontal posi- .ti'on:is'r.eached, the pick-up unit. Misagain balanced and the motor is stopped.

In: a: similarzmanner; if the aircrafttilts to the '-leflt;or: right, the pickup unit 3-41COIli2IOlS the roll zmotor 3 I, causing it to; rotate. in. .the .propendi creation .todrivethezcamera l 2. back toa horizon- .tahpositiona-with respect to the longitudinal: axis of :rthe.:.aircraft.

:The. electromagnet comprising .thecore. 5 hand the windings 52 I. and 1 53 11's;- provided toacxert i a :dampingxefiectnonthe pendulum 4.8; so as to we vent: thecoscillations :thereof which are :inherent .zinrianyx pendulum. The- Vane -5fl is-therefore-conctructedxof: electricallyaconductive -material, and upon motion ofnthevane through the magnetic field setuprin the 5. air" gap: 54 1 by the coils :52 and 53, eddy 'currentsaare 'set: up-in the vane 58 by the magnetici-field which-tend to retard-its motion. It-shouldibencted that since the-'follovv-up move- :ment. of. the core W4 is accomplished without relative-sm ovem-entlofthe electromagnet core 5i and ;:the vane--50;- the. aforesaid follow-up movement .thas; no tendency-.:to cause motion of the. pendulum i4Bawhich;mightoccur:if the follow-up movement owereiobtained byzmoving the base at and the elecvtromagnetic .-core; 5.1- relativeto .Ithe vane 50.

.--Referiring;:now :to Figure 2 there is shown a :control. circuitforthe. azimuth motor 2 This ncircuitis-generally .similar to that disclosed and described in connection :With'Eigure 3, the chief =differencenbeingtha-t a substantiallyv different bridge circuit including a different type of control: and follow-pp mechanism is employed.

Therefore, in thecircuit. of Figure 2 .those cir cuit ,elementss which correspond to similar elementsinFigure 3 have been-assigned reference characters similar to the corresponding reference characters of Figure 3,; but difiering therefrom by one hundred. For example, conductor 82] of Fig ure 3' corresponds toconductor- [3!] of Figure 2, ..and conductor lfld 'ofof. Figure 3 corresponds to conductor .2 04 of Figure2.

The bridge circuit 225 of'Figure 2 includes a manuahcontroller 2H,. which maybe operated by the pilotor other member of. the crew of 1 the aircraft,.and. afolloW-up controller 222,.Which is drivenbythe motor 24 through the gear train -203. I'I-he manual controller 22! includes a slider 223. movable with respect to a slide wire resistance ..224. .Thepslidert223zfunctions as one of the output terminals of the bridge. circuit 223. The .slider223v is rotatable by means of a knob 225 which ,alsomoves a pointer. 22$.with respect ..to.a...scale 221. -'I-he.folloW-.up controller ZZZ-in.-

cludes a. slider 23! v which is movable along a slide .wire resistance 23!. .The sliderv 23d serves as the other output terminal of the bridge circuit 22d.

IIn operation, the pilot moves theknob' 222i until the pointer 226 indicates on the scale. 22"! the angle 0f.1drift-of the aircraft. 'The angle. of drift is'thean'glebetween .the'longitudinal axis of the .iaircraft and. its actual direction of movement through the. air. 'This angle must be introduced .to compensate for 'crosswinds. When the pilot operates the controller 22 l a signal of the proper phase is impressed .on theinput terminais'of aniplifier I84"v to cause motor 24 to drive the pinion 24,.along rack 25, thereby rotating the cam era: l2 about a vertical axis so as to align it with the true direction of flight of the aircraft. At the sametime, the follow-up'controller 222 is operated to rebalance the bridge circuit 229. When .the'rebalancing is completed, the motor '24 stops, leaving .the camera aligned in the proper 'direc'tion.

Whilel have shown and'described a preferred .embodimentofmy invention, other modifications thereofwwill readily occur to those skilled vin -.the-.art, and I therefore wish my invention to be ilimitedonlyby the appended claims.

.: ,I claim as myinvention:

: 1.-.In:- a lievelingsystem: a .device. to be main- ...ta-inedri-n .adevelattitude; aframe subject to azchange in attitude; gimbal qmeans, rotatable about a vertical axis, supporting said device in said frame for rotation about two mutually perpendicular, normally level axes; a pair of substantially free pendulums sup-ported by said frame for angular displacement with respect thereto on departure of said frame from said level attitude; means, each comprising first and second cooperatively movable portions, giving a response proportional in magnitude to the magnitude of the displacement between said portions; motor means for causing relative rotation, about each said normally level axis, between said device and said frame; means mounting each said first portion for angular movement, with respect to said frame, unitary with motor actuated movement of said device, and means mounting each said second portion, in cooperative relationship with its associated first portion, on one of said pendulums for unitary movement therewith, whereby relative movement may take place between said portions both due to the constantly Vertical'force of gravity and due to the operation of said motor means; and means operatively associating said responsive means with said motor means for energization thereof in accordance with the response of said responsive means.

2. In a leveling system: a device to be maintained in a level attitude; a frame subject to change in attitude; gimbal means, rotatable about a vertical axis, supporting said device in said frame for rotation about two mutually per pendicular, normally level axes; a pair of substantially free pendulums supported by said frame for angular displacement with respect thereto on departure of said frame from said level attitude; means, each comprising first and second cooperatively movable portions, giving a response proportional in magnitude to the magnitude of the displacement between said portions; motor means for causing relative rotation, about each said normally level axis, between said device and said frame; means mounting each said first portion for angular movement, with respect to said frame, unitary with motor actuated movement of said device, and means mounting each said second portion, in cooperative relationship with its associated first portion, on one of said pendulums for unitary movement therewith, whereby relative movement may take place between said portions both due to the constantly vertical force of gravity and due to the operation of said motor means; means operatively associating said responsive means with said motor means for energization thereof in accordance with the response of said responsive means; and means damping oscillations of said pendulum with respect to said frame.

3. In a leveling system: a device to be maintained in a level attitude; a frame subject to change in attitude; gimbal means, rotatable about a vertical axis, supporting said device in said frame for rotation about two mutually perpendicular, normally level axes; a pair of substantially free pendulums supported by said frame for angular displacement with respect thereto on departure of said frame from said level attitude; means, each comprising first and second cooperatively movable portions, giving a response proportional in magnitude to the magnitude of the displacement between said portions; motor means for causing relative rotation, about each normally level axis, between said device and said frame; means mounting each said first portion for angular movement, with respect to said frame, unitary with motor actuated movement of said device, and means mounting each said second portion, in cooperative relationship with its as sociated first portion, on one of said pendulums for unitary movement therewith, whereby relative movement may take place between said portions both due to the constantly vertical force of gravity and due to the operation of said motor means; and electronic motor control means operatively associating said responsive means with said motor means for energization thereof in accordance with the response of said responsive means.

4. In a leveling system: a device to be maintained in a level attitude; a frame subject to change in attitude; gimbal means, rotatable about a vertical axis, supporting said device in said frame for rotation about two mutually perpendicular, normally level axes; a pair of substantially free pendulums supported by said frame for angular displacement with respect thereto on departure of said frame from said level attitude; impedance ratio adjusting. means continuously variable about a mean ratio value, each said means comprising first and second cooperatively movable portions, the change in said ratio from said mean value being proportional in magnitude to the magnitude of the displacement between said portions; motor means for causing relative rotation, about each said normally level axis, between said device and said frame; means mounting each said first portion for angular movement, with respect to said frame, unitary with motor actuated movement of said device, and means mounting each said second portion, in cooperative relationship with its associated first portion, on one of said pendulums for unitary movement therewith, whereby relative movement may take place between said portions both due to the constantly vertical force of gravity and due to the operation of said motor means; and means operatively associating said responsive means with said motor means for energization thereof in accordance with the response of said responsive means. 1

5. In a leveling system: a device to be maintained in a level attitude; a frame subject to change in attitude; gimbal means, rotatable about a vertical axis, supporting said device in said frame for rotation about two mutually perpendicular, normally level axes; a pair of components, each comprising two cooperating portions relatively movable about one of said axes, giving electrical responses which vary with the magnitude of the displacement between said portions, each said component comprising first and second members, the first of which is pendulous, supported by said frame for pivotal movement with respect to said frame and to each other, and means mounting upon said members respectively first and second means cooperating to vary the ratio of two impedances on change in the relative positions of said portions; means connecting each said second member with said device for unitary movement therewith, relative to said frame; motor means for causing relative rotation, about each said normally level axis, between said device and said frame; and means affected by the magnitude of said impedance ratio, for energizing said motor means.

6. In a leveling system: a device to be maintained in a level attitude; a frame subject to change in attitude; gimbal means, rotatable about a vertical axis, supporting said device in said frame for rotation about two mutually perpendicular, normally level axes; a pair of components, each comprising two cooperating portions relatively movable about one of said axes, giving electrical responses which vary with the magnitude of the displacement between said portions, each said component comprising first and second members, the first of which is pendulous, supported by said frame for pivotal movement with respect to said frame and to each other, and means mounting upon said members respectively first and second means cooperating to vary the ratio of two im-pedances on change in the relative positions of said portions; means carried in part by each said pendulous member for damping oscillation thereof; means connecting each said second member with said device for unitary movement therewith, relative to said frame; motor means for causing relative rotation, about each said normally level axis, between said device and said frame; and means affected by the magnitude of said impedance ratio, for energizing said motor means,

7. In a leveling system: a device to be maintained in a level attitude; a frame subject to change in attitude; gimbal means, rotatable about a vertical axis, supporting said device in said frame for rotation about two mutually perpendicular normally level axes; an impedance ratio varying device for responding to change in the attitude of said frame, both with respect to the vertical and with respect to the attitude of said device, about one of said normally level axes, said device comprising impedance means, impedance varying means, and pendulous and pivoted means each carrying one of said last named means; means connecting said pivoted means with said device for unitary movement therewith relative to said frame; motor means for causing relative movement between said device and said frame about said one axis; and electronic motor control means including said impedance means for energizing said motor in accordance with displacement in the attitude of said frame from level.

8. In a leveling system: a device to be maintained in a level attitude; a frame subject to change in attitude; gimbal means, rotatable about a vertical axis, supporting said device in said frame for rotation about two mutually perpendicular, normally level axes; an impedance ratio varying device for responding to change in the attitude of said frame, both with respect to the vertical and with respect to the attitude of said device, about one of said normally level axes, said device comprising impedance means, impedance varying means, and pendulous and pivoted means each carrying one of said last named means; means carried in part by said pendulous means for damping oscillation thereof; means connecting said pivoted means with said device for unitary movement therewith relative to said frame; motor means for causing relative movement between said device and said frame about said one axis; and electronic motor control means including said impedance means for energizing said motor in accordance with displacement in the attitude of said frame from level.

WILLIS H. GILLE.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date Re. 13,514 Ryan Jan. 14, 1913 1,585,484 Gasser May 18, 1926 1,586,233 Anschutz-Kaempfe May 25, 1936 1,679,354 Fairchild et al Aug. 7, 1928 1,840,104 Anschutz-Kaempfe Jan. 5, 1932 1,942,604 Kennedy Jan. 9, 1934 2,013,106 Nagel et al Sept. 3, 1935 2,014,825 Watson Sept. 17, 1935 2,116,593 Bouvier et a1 May 10, 1938 2,293,502 Hermann Aug. 18, 1942 2,371,236 Gille Mar. 13, 1945 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 267,821 Germany Dec. 1, 1913 321,744 Germany June 12, 1920 439,227 Germany Jan. 12, 1927 265,949 Great Britain July 28, 1927 

